# Math.NET Numerics

Math.NET Numerics aims to provide methods and algorithms for numerical computations in science, engineering and every day use. Covered topics include special functions, linear algebra, probability models, random numbers, interpolation, integration, regression, optimization problems and more.

Math.NET Numerics is part of the Math.NET initiative and is the result of merging dnAnalytics with Math.NET Iridium, replacing both. Available for free under the MIT/X11 License. It targets Microsoft .Net 4.0 and higher, including Mono, and .Net Standard 1.3 and higher (with builds for .Net Standard 2.0). In addition to a purely managed implementation it also supports native hardware optimization. See Platform Support for full details.

## NuGet Packages

See NuGet & Binaries for a complete list of our NuGet packages, Zip files and the release archive.

## Using Math.NET Numerics with C#

Being written in it, Math.NET Numerics works very well with C# and related .Net languages. When using Visual Studio or another IDE with built-in NuGet support, you can get started quickly by adding a reference to the MathNet.Numerics NuGet package. Alternatively you can grab that package with the command line tool with nuget.exe install MathNet.Numerics -Pre or simply download the Zip package.

let's say we have a matrix $$\mathrm{A}$$ and want to find an orthonormal basis of the kernel or null-space of that matrix, such that $$\mathrm{A}x = 0$$ for all $$x$$ in that subspace.

  1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10: 11:  using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra; using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Double; Matrix A = DenseMatrix.OfArray(new double[,] { {1,1,1,1}, {1,2,3,4}, {4,3,2,1}}); Vector[] nullspace = A.Kernel(); // verify: the following should be approximately (0,0,0) (A * (2*nullspace[0] - 3*nullspace[1])) 

## F# and F# Interactive

Even though the core of Math.NET Numerics is written in C#, it aims to support F# just as well. In order to achieve this we recommend to reference the MathNet.Numerics.FSharp package in addition to MathNet.Numerics, which adds a few modules to make it more idiomatic and includes arbitrary precision types (BigInteger, BigRational).

 1: 2: 3: 4:  open MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra let m = matrix [[ 1.0; 2.0 ] [ 3.0; 4.0 ]] let m' = m.Inverse() 

It also works well in the interactive F# environment (REPL) which can be launched with fsharpi on all platforms (including Linux). As a start let's enter the following lines into F# interactive. Append ;; to the end of a line to run all code up to there immediately and print the result to the output. Use the tab key for auto-completion or #help;; for help. For convenience our F# packages include a small script that sets everything up properly:

 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8:  #load "../packages/MathNet.Numerics.FSharp/MathNet.Numerics.fsx" open MathNet.Numerics SpecialFunctions.Gamma(0.5) open MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra let m : Matrix = DenseMatrix.randomStandard 50 50 (m * m.Transpose()).Determinant() 

## Visual Basic

Let's use Visual Basic to find the polynomial roots $$x$$ such that $$2x^2 - 2x - 2 = 0$$ numerically. We already know there are two roots, one between -2 and 0, the other between 0 and 2:

 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9:  Imports MathNet.Numerics.RootFinding Dim f As Func(Of Double, Double) = Function(x) 2*x^2 - 2*x - 2 Bisection.FindRoot(f, 0, 2) ' returns 1.61803398874989 Bisection.FindRoot(f, -2, 0) ' returns -0.618033988749895 ' Alternative to directly compute the roots for this special case: FindRoots.Quadratic(-2, -2, 2) 

## Linux with Mono

You need a recent version of Mono in order to use Math.NET Numerics on anything other than Windows. Luckily there has been great progress lately to make both Mono and F# available as proper Debian packages. In Debian testing and Ubuntu 14.04 (trusty/universe) you can install both of them with APT:

 1: 2: 3:  sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install mono-complete sudo apt-get install fsharp 

If you don't have NuGet yet:

 1: 2:  sudo mozroots --import --sync curl -L https://nuget.org/nuget.exe -o nuget.exe 

Then you can use NuGet to fetch the latest binaries in your working directory. The -Pre argument causes it to include pre-releases, omit it if you want stable releases only.

 1: 2: 3:  mono nuget.exe install MathNet.Numerics -Pre -OutputDirectory packages # or if you intend to use F#: mono nuget.exe install MathNet.Numerics.FSharp -Pre -OutputDirectory packages 

In practice you'd probably use the Monodevelop IDE instead which can take care of fetching and updating NuGet packages and maintain assembly references. But for completeness let's use the compiler directly this time. Let's create a C# file Start.cs:

  1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10: 11: 12: 13: 14: 15: 16: 17: 18:  using System; using MathNet.Numerics; using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra; class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { // Evaluate a special function Console.WriteLine(SpecialFunctions.Erf(0.5)); // Solve a random linear equation system with 500 unknowns var m = Matrix.Build.Random(500, 500); var v = Vector.Build.Random(500); var y = m.Solve(v); Console.WriteLine(y); } } 

Compile and run:

 1: 2: 3: 4: 5:  # single line: mcs -optimize -lib:packages/MathNet.Numerics.3.0.0-alpha8/lib/net40/ -r:MathNet.Numerics.dll Start.cs -out:Start # launch: mono Start 

Which will print something like the following to the output:

  1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10:  0.520499877813047 DenseVector 500-Double -0.181414 -1.25024 -0.607136 1.12975 -3.31201 0.344146 0.934095 -2.96364 1.84499 1.20752 0.753055 1.56942 0.472414 6.10418 -0.359401 0.613927 -0.140105 2.6079 0.163564 -3.04402 -0.350791 2.37228 -1.65218 -0.84056 1.51311 -2.17326 -0.220243 -0.0368934 -0.970052 0.580543 0.755483 -1.01755 -0.904162 -1.21824 -2.24888 1.42923 -0.971345 -3.16723 -0.822723 1.85148 -1.12235 -0.547885 -2.01044 4.06481 -0.128382 0.51167 -1.70276 ... 

See Intel MKL for details how to use native providers on Linux.